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Cellular service providers in India: History and developmentsBY: Prof Vijay Kumbhar | Category: Business and Finance | Post Date: 2009-11-21
Mr. Kumbhar Vijay Maruti, Dept. of Economics, Abasaheb Marathe A & N C, S College, Rajapur, Dist - Ratnagiri State- Maharashtra PIN 416702, Vijay.kumbhar9@gmail.com In the early 5-6 years of cellular industry average monthly subscribers additions were around 0.05 to 0.1 million only, but now it has increasing rapidly. Now total 233.62 millions of peoples are using cellular services in India's various states and union territories. The average growth rate of subscriber base is 61.41 per cent in 2004, 35.48 per cent in 2005, and 40.17 per cent in 2007; it may be increase to 50 to 70 per cent in the next coming years. Till year 2007 Bharti AirTel have most of cellular subscribers in India, AirTel have a total 42.70 million (23.09 per cent of total) and BSNL have 32.05 million subscribers (17.24 per cent of total) which in a second rank, Reliance, and Vodafone also near about them on end of 2007.Some Milestones • The postal and telecom sectors had started by British Government in India. In 1850, we may called it is an origin of Cellular phone service in India. • The first experimental electric telegraph Line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the British East India Company. • In 1985 Cellular telephone service started on the Non-commercially basis in Delhi. • Private sector allowed participating since1992 in telecommunication sector. • Govt. announced a ‘National Telecom Policy' in 1994. License for providing cellular mobile services granted by the government of India for the Metropolitan cites of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. Cellular mobile service to be duopoly i.e. not more than two cellular mobile operators could be licensed in each telecom circle, under a fixed license fee regime for 10 years. • The Cellular services were commercially launched in August 1995 in India. This Cellular mobile service was introduced with both the operators from public and private sector. In 1995 other 19 more telecom circles get mobile licenses. • In 1997 Telecom Regulatory Authority of India- TRAI is set up to controlling of telecomm companies in India. • The New Telecom Policy 1999 announcement, and allowed FDI into telecom sector. • 2003 - Internet and GPRS facilities are allowed through cellular services providers. • In Jan 2004 -The government reduced import duties on the cellular sector e.g. Aerials & Antennas from 32.7% to 21.8%, Cellular Phones from 14.4% to 5%, Cellular infrastructure for operators from 21.8% to 16%. • In June 2004 -TRAI issues directions regarding to roaming facility and is rules to all service providers. • July 2005- Regulation on Quality of Service of Basic and Cellular Mobile Telephone Services 2005 introduced on 1st July 2005. • Budget 2005-2006- FDI ceiling changed to 74 per cent from the earlier limit of 49 per cent. 100 per cent FDI was permitted in the area of telecom equipment manufacturing and provision of IT enabled services. Major Players in Cellular Services In India At presently more than 26 players are providing Cellular services in India. Some major cellular service provider in India as follows: BSNL, MTNL, AirTel, Idea Cellular, Tata Comm., Reliance Mobile, Vodafone/ Hutch, BPL Mobile, Aircel, Spice, HSFL, Shyam Telelink, Virgin mobile, Hutchison Essar, Hutchison Max, Fascel, Dishnet Wireless, Escotel Mobile, Hexacom, Sterling Cellular, RPG Cellular, Bharti Mobinet, Usha Martin, Birla Tata AT&T, JTM/Evergrowth, Koshika, RPG Cellular etc. Services and Facilities Offered by Cellular Operators Cellular operators also providing many exciting features to increase their customer base like hello tunes, ring tones, mms, GPRS, call forwarding, call waiting, voice mail, missed all information, call conferencing, contests, free offers, recharge voucher discounts, life time validity, double voucher validity, favorite numbers, night talk discounts etc. In order to achieve standards comparable to the international facilities, the sub-sector of value-added services was opened up to private investment in these services. Cellular Mobile Telephone Indian Cellular service companies are providing some new services than voice calls. Cellular Service users are expecting more convenient services from service providers. Hence, these companies are updating as per customers' needs and providing innovative services to their customers' as followings. 1. Post Paid Service 2. Post Paid Service 3. Life Time Validity Plans 4. Short Messaging Services (Text Messages) 5. Mobile Instant Messaging 6. Packet Switching In Networks 7. E-Mail Services 8. Multi Media Messaging Services (MMS) 9. Ring Tones Downloads Facilities 10. Hello Tunes Facilities 11. Roaming Facilities 12. Public Mobile Radio Trunk Service (PMRTS) 13. Internet & Mobile Net Facilities 14. Wap-Open International Standard For Applications That Use Wireless Communication 15. Games As Per Demands 16. Call Divert Facilities 17. Call Barring Facilities 18. Voice Mail Service 19. Video Conferencing 20. 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